Waist-hip ratio and cognitive ability: is gluteofemoral fat a privileged store of neurodevelopmental resources?
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Fig. 1
Child's average scaled score on four cognitive tests versus mother's WHR for 1933 matched mother–child pairs: Sample 1a.
Fig. 2
WHR and cognitive measure z-scores for women aged 18–49 years (education and two tests) and 14–16 years (four tests).
Fig. 3
Mean z-score for two cognitive tests in relation to age at first birth and current WHR in women aged 18–49 years.
Abstract
Upper-body fat has negative effects and lower-body fat has positive effects on the supply of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids that are essential for neurodevelopment. Thus, waist-hip ratio (WHR), a useful proxy for the ratio of upper-body fat to lower-body fat, should predict cognitive ability in women and their offspring. Moreover, because teenage mothers and their children compete for these resources, their cognitive development should be compromised, but less so for mothers with lower WHRs. These predictions are supported by data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Controlling for other correlates of cognitive ability, women with lower WHRs and their children have significantly higher cognitive test scores, and teenage mothers with lower WHRs and their children are protected from cognitive decrements associated with teen births. These findings support the idea that WHR reflects the availability of neurodevelopmental resources and thus offer a new explanation for men's preference for low WHR.
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