Biased face recognition in the Faith Game☆

Several studies have indicated that people are able to memorize the face of a cheater more accurately than that of a noncheater, but some contradictory findings have also been reported. Because most previous studies focused on memory for the faces of cheaters who break social contracts, the consequence for the subjects of their cheating was unclear. In our study, participants were asked to decide whether they trusted persons depicted in photographs to give them money using two sessions of the Faith Game. The participants tended to not increase their trust in the individuals, depicted in photographs, who had altruistically given money to them previously. However, participants recognized nonaltruists who had not shared money and, during the second session, rescinded the trust that they had previously placed in them. This suggests that bias in face recognition is not restricted to the recognition level, as previous studies have suggested, but also operates at the behavioral level and functions to facilitate the avoidance of persons who have caused some disadvantage in a previous interaction, rather than to facilitate new relationships with altruists by enhancing recognition of their faces.