Evolution & Human Behavior
Volume 28, Issue 6 , Pages 415-422 , November 2007

Smiles when sharing

  • Marc Mehu

      Affiliations

    • British Academy Centenary Research Project, School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. 19 Avenue Reine Astrid, B-4500 Huy, Belgium.
    • ,
  • Karl Grammer

      Affiliations

    • Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Urban Ethology, c/o Department of Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
    • ,
  • Robin I.M. Dunbar

      Affiliations

    • British Academy Centenary Research Project, School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK

Received 12 March 2007 ,Accepted 8 May 2007.

References 

  1. Altmann J. Observational study of behaviour: Sampling methods. Behaviour. 1974;44:227–267
  2. Andrew RJ. Evolution of facial expression. Science. 1963;141:1034–1041
  3. Argyle M. Bodily communication. (2nd ed.).. London: Routledge; 1988;
  4. Brannigan CR, Humphries DA. Human non-verbal behavior, a means of communication. In:  Blurton-Jones NG editors. Ethological studies of child behavior. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1972;p. 37–64
  5. Brown WM, Moore C. Smile asymmetries and reputation as reliable indicators of likelihood to cooperate: An evolutionary analysis. In:  Shohov SP editors. Advances in Psychology Research. Vol. 11:Huntington, NY: Nova Science Publishers; 2002;p. 59–78
  6. Brown WM, Palameta B, Moore C. Are there non-verbal cues to commitment? An exploratory study using the zero-acquaintance video presentation paradigm. Evolutionary Psychology. 2003;1:42–69
  7. Burrows AM, Waller BM, Parr LA, Bonar CJ. Muscles of facial expression in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): Descriptive, comparative and phylogenetic contexts. Journal of Anatomy. 2006;208:153–167
  8. Dawkins R, Krebs JR. Animal signals: Information or manipulation?. In:  Krebs JR,  Davies NB editor. Behavioural ecology: An evolutionary approach. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1978;p. 282–309
  9. DePaulo BM. Nonverbal behavior and self-presentation. Psychological Bulletin. 1992;111(2):203–243
  10. de Waal FBM. The integration of dominance and social bonding in primates. Quarterly Review of Biology. 1986;61(4):459–479
  11. de Waal FBM. The communicative repertoire of captive bonobos (Pan paniscus) compared to that of chimpanzees. Behaviour. 1988;105:183–251
  12. de Waal FBM, Luttrell L. The formal hierarchy of rhesus monkeys: An investigation of the bared-teeth display. American Journal of Primatology. 1985;9:73–85
  13. Dixson AF. Observation on the displays, menstrual cycles, and sexual behaviour of the “black ape” of Celebes (Macaca nigra). Journal of Zoology London. 1977;182:63–84
  14. Dunbar RIM. Primate social systems. London: Chapman & Hall; 1988;
  15. Dunbar RIM. The human story. London: Faber & Faber; 2004;
  16. Ekman P, Friesen WV. Felt, false and miserable smiles. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 1982;6(4):238–252
  17. Forgas JP. On feeling good and getting your way: Mood effects on negotiator cognition and bargaining strategies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1998;74(3):565–577
  18. Frank RH. Passions within reason: The strategic role of the emotions. New York: Norton; 1988;
  19. Fridlund AJ. Human facial expression: An evolutionary view. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 1994;
  20. Grammer K, Fivola V, Fieder M. The communication paradox and possible solutions: Towards a radical empiricism. In:  Schmitt A,  Atzwanger K,  Grammer K,  Schäfer K editor. New aspects of human ethology. New York and London: Plenum; 1997;p. 91–120
  21. Hand JL. Resolution of social conflicts: Dominance, egalitarianism, spheres of dominance, and game theory. Quarterly Review of Biology. 1986;61:201–220
  22. Hinde RA. Expression and negotiation. In:  Zivin G editors. The development of expressive behavior. Orlando, FL: Academic Press; 1985;p. 103–116
  23. Hirshleifer J. On the emotions as guarantors of threats and promises. In:  Dupré J editors. The latest on the best: Essays on evolution and optimality. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 1987;p. 307–326
  24. Johnson RC, Danko GP, Darvill TJ, Bochner S, Bowers JK, Huang Y-H, et al. Cross-cultural assessment of altruism and its correlates. Personality and Individual Differences. 1989;10(8):855–868
  25. Kummer H. Soziales Verhalteneiner Mantelpavian-Gruppe (Social behaviour of a group of Hamadryas baboons), Bern: Huber; 1957;
  26. Mehu, M. (2006). An evolutionary approach to human social behaviour: The case of smiling and laughing. PhD thesis, University of Liverpool.
  27. Owren MJ, Bachorowski J-A. Reconsidering the evolution of non-linguistic communication: The case of laughter. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 2003;27(3):183–200
  28. Petit O, Thierry B. Affiliative function of the silent bared-teeth display in moor macaques (Macaca maurus): Further evidence for the particular status of the Sulawesi macaques. International Journal of Primatology. 1992;13:97–105
  29. Preuschoft S. ‘Laughter’ and ‘smile’ in Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus). Ethology. 1992;91:200–236
  30. Preuschoft S, van Hooff JARAM. The social function of ‘smile’ and ‘laughter’: Variations across primate species and societies. In:  Segerstrale U,  Molnàr P editor. Non-verbal communication: Where nature meets culture. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum; 1997;p. 171–189
  31. Rushton JP, Chrisjohn RD, Frekken GC. The altruistic personality and the Self-Report Altruism Scale. Personality and Individual Differences. 1981;2:293–302
  32. Scharlemann JPW, Eckel CC, Kacelnik A, Wilson RK. The value of a smile: Game theory with a human face. Journal of Economic Psychology. 2001;22:617–640
  33. Schmidt KL, Cohn JF. Human facial expressions as adaptations: Evolutionary questions in facial expression research. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology. 2001;44:3–24
  34. Silk JB. Cooperation without counting: The puzzle of friendship. In:  Hammerstein P editors. Genetic and cultural evolution of cooperation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2003;p. 37–54
  35. Thierry B, Demaria C, Preuschoft S, Desportes C. Structural convergence between silent bared-teeth display and relaxed open-mouth display in the Tonkean macaque (Macaca tonkeana). Folia Primatologica. 1989;52:178–184
  36. Trivers RL. The evolution of reciprocal altruism. Quarterly Review of Biology. 1971;46:35–57
  37. van Hooff JARAM. The facial displays of the catarrhine monkeys and apes. In:  Morris D editors. Primate ethology. London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson; 1967;p. 7–68
  38. van Hooff JARAM. A comparative approach to the phylogeny of laughter and smiling. In:  Hinde RA editors. Nonverbal communication. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1972;p. 209–241
  39. Waller BM, Dunbar RIM. Differential behavioural effects of silent bared-teeth display and relaxed open-mouth display in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Ethology. 2005;111:129–142

☆ This research was supported by an O. Aldis Award delivered to the first author by the International Society for Human Ethology (Charleston, SC).

PII: S1090-5138(07)00064-5

doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.05.010

Evolution & Human Behavior
Volume 28, Issue 6 , Pages 415-422 , November 2007

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution