Evolution & Human Behavior
Volume 24, Issue 3 , Pages 179-183 , May 2003

Sexual dimorphism in the 2D/4D ratio and its relation to mental rotation performance

Received 26 July 2002 ,Accepted 21 January 2003.

References 

  1. Austin, E. J., Manning, J. T., McInroy, K., & Mathews, E. (in press). An investigation of the associations between personality, cognitive ability and digit ratio. Personality and Individual Differences.
  2. Collaer MI, Hines M. Human behavioral sex differences: a role for gonadal hormones during early development?. Psychological Bulletin. 1996;118:55–107
  3. Grimshaw GM, Sitarenios G, Finegan JA. Mental rotation at 7 years: relations with prenatal testosterone levels and spatial play experiences. Brain and Cognition. 1995;29:85–100
  4. Hampson E, Kimura D. Sex differences and hormonal influences on cognitive function in humans. In:  Becker JB,  Breedlove SM,  Crews D editor. Behavioral endocrinology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 1992;p. 357–389
  5. Manning JT. Digit ratio. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press; 2002;
  6. Manning JT, Barley L, Walton J, Lewis-Jones RS, Trivers RL, Singh D, et al. The 2nd:4th digit ratio, sexual dimorphism, population differences and reproductive success: evidence for sexually antagonistic genes?. Evolution and Human Behavior. 2000;21:163–183
  7. Manning JT, Henzi P, Bundred PE. The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length: a proxy for testosterone, and susceptibility to HIV and AIDS?. Medical Hypotheses. 2001;57:761–763
  8. Manning JT, Scutt D, Wilson J, Lewis-Jones RS. The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length: a predictor of sperm numbers and concentrations of testosterone, luteinizing hormone and oestrogen. Human Reproduction. 1998;13:3000–3004
  9. Manning JT, Taylor RP. 2nd to 4th digit ratio and male ability in sport: implications for sexual selection in humans. Evolution and Human Behavior. 2001;22:61–69
  10. Moffat SD, Hampson E. A curvilinear relationship between testosterone and spatial cognition in humans: possible influence of hand preference. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1996;21:323–337
  11. O'Connor DB, Archer J, Hair WM, Wu FC. Activational effects of testosterone on cognitive function in men. Neuropsychologia. 2001;39:1385–1394
  12. Peters M, Laeng B, Latham K, Jackson M, Zaiyouna R, Richardson C. A redrawn Vandenberg and Kuse mental rotations test: different versions and factors that affect performance. Brain and Cognition. 1995;28:39–58
  13. Peters M, MacKenzie K, Bryden P. Finger length and distal finger extent patterns in humans. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 2002;117:209–217
  14. Peters M, Tan U, Kang Y, Teixeira L, Mandal M. Sex-specific finger-length patterns linked to behavioral variables; consistency across various human populations. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 2002;94:171–181
  15. Roof RL. Neonatal exogenous testosterone modifies sex difference in radial arm and Morris water maze performance in prepubescent and adult rats. Behavioral Brain Research. 1993;26:1–10
  16. Voyer D, Voyer S, Bryden MP. Magnitude of sex differences in spatial abilities: a meta-analysis and consideration of critical variables. Psychological Bulletin. 1995;117:250–270
  17. Williams TJ, Pepitone ME, Christensen SE, Cooke BM, Huberman AD, Breedlove NJ, et al. Finger-length ratios and sexual orientation. Nature. 2000;404:455–456

PII: S1090-5138(03)00010-2

doi: 10.1016/S1090-5138(03)00010-2

Evolution & Human Behavior
Volume 24, Issue 3 , Pages 179-183 , May 2003